A Short Note On A Vulnerable Population For Research Studies

Running head: Neonates: A Vulnerable Population for Research Neonates: A Vulnerable Population for Research Elizabeth Smith Evidence Based Practice in Nursing Professor Paula Wellde Abstract Neonates are a vulnerable population for research studies. They are unable to give their own voluntary, informed consent. There are special considerations to obtaining informed consent of neonates with strict guidelines from Health and Human Services, splitting studies into 4 levels and which includes parental permission. The ethical issues surrounding research studies can be navigated using the principles of respect, beneficence, and justice. Nurses involved in research studies with these vulnerable populations have certain implications to them. Neonates: A Vulnerable Population for Research There are many populations that are vulnerable in a research study including: pregnant women, fetuses, neonates, children, elderly, prisoners, veterans, racial minorities, mentally or physically handicapped, and educationally or economically disadvantaged. Respect, beneficence, and justice help nurses, doctors, and parents decide on the right course of action for neonates. It’s important to weigh the risk versus benefit to each study. There will be special considerations for obtaining informed consent because the subjects involved cannot give it themselves. For neonates informed consent comes from the parents and also includes strict guidelines from Health and Human Services. DiscussShow MoreRelatedEthics Protocol1635 Words   |  7 Pages(SPF) University Human Research Ethics Committee [pic]Office of Research – Ethics and Compliance Unit: GM 1000 – 514.848.2424 ex. 2425 Important Approval of a Summary Protocol Form (SPF) must be issued by the applicable Human Research Ethics Committee prior to beginning any research involving human participants. The University Human Research Ethics Committee (UHREC) reviews all Faculty and Staff research, as well as some student research (in cases where the research involves more than minimalRead MoreSubstance Abuse Among The Elderly1668 Words   |  7 PagesWe have witnessed enormous advances in western medicine and with it we’ve seen greater longevity among America’s elder population. The number of Americans age 65 or older are living longer, in more comfort and in better health than ever before. However, not all American elders are living in good health. 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This prompted me to spearhead fundraising efforts, concentrating on annual JDRF (Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation) Walks and the StarkeyRead MoreHomeless Adults : A Comprehensive Assessment Of Health Care Utiliza tion1486 Words   |  6 Pageshealth conditions more so than the general population. Although, there is evidence that suggests the homeless population uses health services more than the general population, this study is the first to comprehensively assess several factors of health care utilization amongst the homeless population. This study is also the first to examine homeless adults using administrative data under a universal health insurance system. This population based cohort study successfully paired homeless people and age-Read MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1197 Words   |  5 Pagesbe more of a serious problem for the adolescents and the younger population. This age is critical for this population cause of the influences, such as fitting in, peer pressure, and increase in wanting to try new things. Most importantly, the mental health professionals are concerned about the effects it has on the populations, especially the adolescents or young adults. According to Evans, â⠂¬Å"adolescents are particularly vulnerable to harm, given the effects of cannabis on neurological development

Adolescent, Pre Teen And Under Age Drinking Essay

Adolescent, Pre-Teen and Under Age Drinking Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the serious problems and concerns associated with adolescent, pre-teen and underage drinking. Central Idea: Three things that my audience will learn about adolescent, pre-teen, underage drinking are as follows: Risk Factors that may cause underage alcohol use and abuse, Prevention of underage alcohol use and abuse, and the Benefits of not participating in underage alcohol use and abuse. I. Introduction: CONFUSION†¦FORGETFULLNESS†¦ARGUMENITIVENESS†¦LOSS OF CONTROL..†¦UNCONSOLABE†¦BLACKOUTS†¦DEATH!!! These are just a few of the state of minds that can occur during adolescent, pre-teen, underage drinking. Are you prepared to deal with the grown up consequences of your grown up actions? A. Topic: Educating our youth and parents about what they may or may not know about adolescent, pre-teen underage drinking. B Credibility/Goodwill: My 12 years’ experience as a Law Enforcement Officer in St. Louis County, Missouri, as well as my experience as a juvenile officer and 8 years as a school resource officer in the Normandy School District (Specifically at Normandy Middle School). As a law enforcement officer specializing in juvenile intervention, I have on occasion witnessed first-hand the effect of pre-teen underage drinking. I have seen what happens when a 16y/o drinks, drives, and crashes their vehicles into other vehicles, poles, and in some cases other people. I have responded to call forShow MoreRelatedAdolescence As A Young Age Essay1726 Words   |  7 Pagespsychological changes. These changes can appear as early as pre-teen ages and last until adulthood. During Adolescent stage, Adolescence is discovering their independence and self-identity. They face making though peer choices and decision in regards to drugs, alcohol, social life, and school work. 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When an underage drinkerRead MoreMiddle Childhood Is Very Important Time In A Child’S Life.This1161 Words   |  5 Pagesdifficult time in a child’s life, the child grows from a young teen into an adolescent, and the change emotionally is sometimes overwhelming. Children of this age start to worry about what people think about them and what they can do to please everyone, even if it’s not the right thing. With all that is going on for the child in these times it sometimes leads to drug use, rebellious acts, depression, and peer pressure. Children at these ages feel the need to please everyone around them and will do whatRead MoreCaue and Effects of Peer Pressure2128 Words   |  9 PagesEffects of Peer Pressure Peer pressure has a much greater effect on adolescent teens than any other factor. Think about it, teens spend more of their waking hours with peers than family members. The interaction is direct, and much more powerful than the influence of teachers and other authority figures. Peer pressure tends to have more of an effect on children with low self-esteem. If a child feels compelled to fit in, the teen may do things that go against his/her beliefs simply to be part of theRead MoreAlcohol and Drug Abuse Essay1671 Words   |  7 PagesAlcohol is a liquor or brew containing alcohol as the active agent. (Online Dictionary) Although it is legal in the United States it is still illegal to those who aren’t twenty one years of age and other. This includes those persons of age purchasing alcohol for those under age. To some college students, heavy drinking that leads to vomiting is not alcohol abuse but simply having a good time. Alcoholism or alcohol dependence is a chronic disorder characterized by compulsive, repeated, and excessive consumptionRead MoreAdolescent Years1927 Words   |  8 PagesAdolescent Years Paper Adolescence is the developmental stage between childhood and adulthood; it generally refers to a period ranging from age 11 and 19. Adolescence has many psychological and social stages, as well as biological. The beginning of adolescence is usually marked with the beginning of puberty. Adolescence can be prolonged, brief, or practically nonexistent, depending on the type of culture in which it occurs. Adolescence is somewhere between childhood and adulthood. It is filled withRead MoreCommon Problems of High School Students1646 Words   |  7 Pagesthere is the possibility for the student to flop especially in a case where the student is an excellent child. a. The psychological and Emotional issues investigated included psychosomatic problems and self-esteem. It was hypothesized that adolescents who have experienced unwanted family problem. It leads to student to constantly needed approval, lots of things to get attention, and sensationalized/dramatized lots of thing. Some are focusing on the negative side completely but, it give them independenceRead MoreThe Age For Drinking Should Stay The Same1934 Words   |  8 PagesTherefore the age for drinking should stay the same if not raised, because if minors were allowed to drink it would not only obscure the lines between adult and child. Lines like, the number of people who died as a result of drunk drivers each year, or the average age in which someone dies of alcohol poisoning and even the standard age in which one attends an Alcoholics Anonymous meeting. Leaving children to battle the pain of murdering someone, addiction and self-inflicted sickness before the age of twenty

My Mother Is My Blessed Gift free essay sample

She has been through a lot in taking care of me since I was still an infant. Right up to now, she has never given up on me and I am sure, a mother never does. In my own eyes, I have always seen my mother as a very special and unique person with a lovely and altruistic soul. As we all know, a mother is every child’s gift and each and every one of us deserves one. No one’s life is ever complete without a mother somewhere throughout their life. In addition to that, I am extremely blessed to have her in mine and I also feel very lucky to have her helping me and supporting me with my studies. My mother and I are very close. Almost like best friends. We spend nearly every moment of the day together like going shopping, hanging out at the cafe or just at home. We will write a custom essay sample on My Mother Is My Blessed Gift or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even though I have a really good relationship with my mother, we sometimes have the bitter times. For example, we argued about things we both don’t agree on or I complain when she gives me chores up to my neck. Furthermore, whenever I look at my mum, she is always beautiful in the inside and it makes me go back to memory lane.I love her with all of my heart and I would never abolish my relationship with my mother. It is very hard for me to express my feelings about her just in words because there is so much to say that’s hard to explain. As long as I understand, I feel overjoyed. Satisfaction never runs out in my life while my mother is still here with me and nothing can ever end it. Not only my mum is very important to me, but I am glorified with full of pleasure because of my mother. Up till now, she still treats me like a new born baby who needs tender love and care.I guess I’m very blessed by god just to have her. I can verbally and physically testify that she is a glorious mother who had thought us well enough to become mannered whenever we approach at someone’s house because everyone always say we are well mannered and I would tell them why. But my mother just laughs and pats our back. I’m certain that she knows I love her to pieces. I drew a picture of her standing with a background of a house and she had red hair, dress entirely in red, everything in red to the landscape.It was her favourite colour and I wanted to surprise her with the drawing. She loved it and said I would become a very good artist one day. I felt really proud when she said it. Usually everyone classifies a mother as someone who only does housework. But to me, that is a typical stereotyped mother. My mother is different in a way where she can do multiple tasks at one time, cooks, cleans up the house and most important of all, she has time to spend with her family. Although she is frequently working and going out of station, but she still makes an effort for it.Overall, I respect my mother in every way and manner and I can’t figure out a solution to how I can repay her with all her blessings upon me and everything she has given up for me. Besides that, I have and will cherish the memories in my heart whether it’s the past or the future. I promise I will never mess up my chance while I have her in my life because once you screw up, you can never turn back. And I mean what I have said. I love you, mum and thank you for all you have done for me.

The Renaissance Essays (378 words) - Medieval Philosophy

The European Renaissance The Renaissance was a period of European history, considered by modern scholars as that between 1300 and 1600. Many dramatic changes happened during the Renaissance. The Renaissance was a period of new inventions and beliefs. The Renaissance was drastically different from the Middle Ages. During the Middle Ages the church held most of the power and its economy was agriculturally based. Exploration and learning was almost put to a stop. During the Renaissance society was transformed into a society increasingly dominated by central political institutions with an urban commercial attitude. Also, people's curiosity overcame their fear and many people started to venture out and explore. New schools and colleges became more and more common. The Renaissance was started by many rich Italian cities, such as Florence, Ferrara, Milan, and Venice. Because these cities were very wealthy, many merchants started to spend money on different things, such as painting, learning, new banking techniques, and new systems of government. These things gave rise to a new type of scholar, the humanist. Humanism was a subject concerned with humankind and culture. They stetted various things such as Latin, Greek language, literature and philosophy. Music and mathematics were also studied as well. The Renaissance gave way to new forms of painting, art, and sculpture. During the Renaissance, artist were no longer regarded as mere artisans, as they had been to the medieval past, but for the first time emerged as independent personalities, compared to poets and writers. Many artisans merged mathematics with art, in order to become more precise in their measurements and to make sure an object was supported both rationally and proportionally. As a result painters tried and often succeeded into making their painting a window into the world. Artists also studied the way light hits objects and the way our eyes perceive light. A new kind of paint called oil paint was used. This allowed the artist to create texture, mix colors, and allow more time for corrections before it dried. The printing press was probably the most important advance in technology. Europeans first used movable metal type to print a book. On small pieces of metal they engraved single letters of the alphabet. These could then be arranged and rearranged to form words and sentences.

Harassment in the Workplace Essays

Harassment in the Workplace Essays Harassment in the Workplace Paper Harassment in the Workplace Paper Journal of Academic and Business Ethics Sex, harassment and the workplace Cliff Fisher Purdue university Abstract Last year, high profile individuals, such as presidential candidate Herman Cain, former MIFF chief Dominique Strauss Kahn, and Weeklies founder Julian Ganges, Strauss-Kahn, made major media coverage, because of alleged issues relating to SEX. Now that I have your attention, this paper targets sexual harassment, therefore we will not be dealing with notion, Strauss-Khans alleged sexual abuse charge, nor Julian Gangues sexual assault charges. Khans The focus Is on sexual harassment, not to commit violations of Title VII of the CIVIC Call Rights Act of 1964 and Its amendments, but to help educate employers, In order to prevent these costly legal actions and payment of damages, or If they cannot be prevented, then to reduce the exposure Involving actions that might not have been preventable. The Civil Rights Act and its amendments do not require a general civility code on employers, nor does it require a utopian work environment, but it does require that employees not be sexually harassed, with one exception. Dealing with the based on ewe element requiring that the harassment that occurred because of the complainants ex gender, and did not occur to members of the opposite sex. Steiner V. Showboat Operating Co. , and Harris v. : Forklift Systems Inc. Both deal with this issue. This Issue is evident In Harris, when the president of Forklift Systems Is found to have made comments to female employees, often In front of others, regarding their appearance and their Intelligence; In one Instance, he called an employee a dumb ass woman, and in another situation, he suggest that a female employee and he go to the Holiday Inn to other goatee your raise. The president also asked only female employees to retrieve coins from his front pants pocket, and threw objects on the ground in front of the women and asked them to pick them up. He made no such requests of male employees. This paper also deals with quid pro quo tangible employment action issues and a hostile work environment, which includes constructive discharge. The theory of vicarious liability under agency relation legal standard will indicate why and how TTY agency-relation employers can be liable for actions of their employees, In addition, the allowably of employers for actions of customers for sexual harassment will be covered. Keywords: Sexual Harassment, Ministerial Exception, International Defense segments, INTRODUCTION have your attention, this paper targets sexual harassment; therefore, we will not be dealing with Strauss-Khans alleged sexual abuse charge, nor Julian Gangues sexual assault Khans charges. The focus is on sexual harassment, not to commit violations of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and its amendments, but to help educate employers, in order to prevent these costly legal actions and payment of damages, or if they cannot be reverted, then to reduce the exposure involving actions that might not have been duce EXECUTIVE ORDER 10925 President John F. Kennedy in 1961 signed Executive Order 10925 requiring government contractors to take affirmative action to ensure that employees are try treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color or national origin. On June 19, 1963, five months before his assassination President Kennedy submitted a bill to Congress, which was signed into law on July 2, 1964, and is known as Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. One of the more interesting elements is that neither the Executive Order nor the proposed Civil Rights bill included the word sex, and attention is not intended to be drawn to the allegations of extra marital activities of the former activities president, in regard to why he didnt include sex. The term sex was added as a last last-ditch effort by opponents of the statute to thwart the passage of the Act. Sex as a basis of discrimination was added as a floor amendment one day beef the before 2 House approved Title VI, without prior hearing or debate. The bill quickly passed as amended and we are left with little legislative history to guide us in interpreting the Acts prohibition against discrimination based on sex. 3 The word sex in Title VII is where the EEOC in 1980 created the l egal rational to form the Sex Discrimination Guidelines in dealing with sexual harassment in the workplace. Title VII says nothing about sexual harassment, but the Supreme Court in Grids indicated that EEOC guidelines should be shown great deference by the courts. 4 The guidelines define sexual harassment as follows: Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature constitute sexual harassment when (1) submission to such harassment employment, (2) submission to or rejection of such conduct by an individual is used as the basis for employment decisions affecting such individual, or (3) such conduct has the such Ulnae v. Eastern Airlines, Inc. , 742 F. Ad 1081, 1084 (1984). Holloway v. Arthur Andersen co. , 566 F. Ad 659, 662 (1977). 3 Mentor savings sank v. Vinson, 477 US. 57, 64 (1986). 4 Grids v. Duke power co. , 401 U. S. 424,433 433-434 (1971). Sex, harassment and the workplace, Page 2 purpose or effect of unreasonably interfering with an individuals work performance or creating an intimidating, hostile, or offensive working environment. 5 What happens if the harasser subjects both men and women to the same sexual women harassment? This would be the equal opportunity harasser. Courts often conclude that because both men and women are victimized, the harassment does not disadvantage members of one sex relative to the other, therefore it is not discrimination based on sex. Discrimination In Lack v. Wall-Mart, the court stated that the supervisor was Just an indiscriminately Mart, vulgar and offensive supervisor, obnoxious to men and women alike. 6 The Civil Rights Act and its amendments do not require that employees be treated in ways hat are thought of as being appropriate. Employers can be demanding, tactless, crude, mean, and irritating. This is an unfortunate fact of life, in which the law does not require a general civility code on employers, nor does it require a utopian work environment, but it does require that employees not be sexually harassed, with a few exceptions. Dealing with the based on sex element requires that the harassment that occurred be due to the complainants gender, and did not occur to members of the members opposite sex. The Supreme Court case, Harris v. Forklift Systems Inc. , dealt with this issue, when the president of Forklift Systems is found to have made comments to female employees, often in front of others, regarding their appearance and their intelligence; in their one instance, he called an employee a dumb ass woman, and in another situation, he suggest that a female employee and he go to the Holiday Inn to negotiate your raise. The president also asked only female employees to retrieve coins from his front pants coins pocket, and only threw objects on the ground in front of the women and asked them men had been demeaned and equally abused this would not have been a violation of he Civil Rights Act, even if a hostile work environment was created. 8 Harassment must be discriminatory, not merely abusive or inappropriate to be protected under the Civil Rights Act. Bullying or abuse in the workplace that is not discriminatory under the Civil Rights Act, still might be actionable under civil claims minatory and/or criminal charges for assault, battery, intentional infliction of emotional distress, and other actions. There are two kinds of sexual harassment protected under the Civil Rights Act. They are quid pro quo and hostile work environment. Quid pro quo means something for meeting or something given or received for something else. Burlington Industries v. Alert, the Supreme Court held employers vicariously liable under agency law principles for the harassment by a supervisor who has authority over the sexually harassed employee. 9 Quid pro quo relates to tangible employment action regarding sexual harassment involving situations where a supervisor or individual with authority over the subordinate with has taken significant adverse tangible employment action, such as discharge, demotion, or an undesirable reassignment against a subordinate employee for the employees refusal 5 9 C. F. R. , Chi. XIV, part 1604. 11 (1980), 1629 C. F. R. Part 51604. [emailprotected]) (200 (2008). Lack v. Wall-Mart, 240 F. Ad 255, 262 (2001). 7 Harness v. Forklift system, 510 U. S. 17 (1993). 8 sterner v. Showboat operating co. , 25 F. Ad 1459 (1994). 9 Burlington Industries v. Alert, 524 U. S. 742, 758 (1998). 6 Sex, harassment and the workplace, Page 3 to submit to the supervisors or individual with authority demand for sexual favors. With There are no affirmative defenses available to the employer for tangible employment action cases. Pease v. Alfred Photo Industries, Inc. Indicated that the following five elements must exist for the plaintiff to successfully prove quid pr quo harassment: (1 . ) Plaintiff is a member of a protected class; Plaintiff was subjected to unwelcome sexual harassment in the form of sexual advances or requests for sexual favors from a supervisor or individual with authority (3. ) Harassment complained of was based on sex; Submission to the unwelcome advances was an e xpress or implied condition for receiving some form of Job benefits, or refusal to submit to sexual demands resulted in a tangible Job detriment; and (5. ) Employer knew or should have known of the harassment. 10 player The distinction between quid pro quo and a hostile work environment regarding sexual harassment is important for determining employer liability. Hostile work environment is broader than quid pro quo and does not require an adverse tangible and employment action against the employee. The harassment can be caused by a supervisor, fellow employee, or a third party, such as a customer, vendor or stalker, if the employer knew or should have known of the harassing conduct and failed to take appropriate harassing corrective action. How hostile must the workplace become before the law is violated? In the Merits U. S. Supreme Court case, the court held that for sexual harassment to be actionable, no tangible Job detriment was necessary, but that the hostile work detriment environment harassment must be unwelcome conduct and it must be sufficiently severe or pervasive to alter the conditions of employees employment and create an abusive work environment. 11 Conduct that unreasonably interferes with an employees work performance reaches an actionable hostile work environment more quickly than mere offensive utterances, as does physically threatening conduct. 12 Whether the offensive activity has occurred in Louisiana, which is the 5th Federal District, or in Indiana, which is the 7th Federal District, the Courts have indicated that common sense and context must apply before courts and Juries in determining whether the conduct is severely hostile and abusive. 13 The employer can raise affirmative defenses, if there is no tangible loss from a hostile work environment involving sexual harassment. The defenses are as follows: (1 . ) the employer exercised reasonable care to prevent and promptly correct any sexually harassing behavior at its workplace and the plaintiff employee unreasonably failed to take 10 Pease v. Alfred Photo Industries, I Inc. , 667 F. Soup. 1188 (1987). Mentor v. Vinson, 477 US. 57 (1986). 12 13 Indent v. Freeman Decorating, Inc. , 164 F. Ad 258 (1999); Patty v. Family Health System, Inc. , 280 F. Ad 749 (2002). 11 Sex, harassment and the workplace, Page 4 advantage of corrective or preventive opportunities provided by the employer or to avoid harm otherwise. 14 The existence of an employer sexual harassment policy and notification employer procedures will aid the employer in proving an affirmative defense in hostile environment cases. Another defense is that the employer has less than 15 employees. The numerously acquirement goes to the merits of the case, and the employer must raise this defense at the beginning of the case, or the employer is deemed to have waived this defense to liability. 15 A third and creative defense for sexual harassment might be to use the ministerial exception rooted in the First Amendment. The ministerial exception allows religious employers to avoid liability for discrimination when making employment decisions concerning employees who qualify as ministers. 16 The ministerial exception defense was used in Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School v. Equal Employment or Opportunity Commission, which was a Supreme Court case decided January 1 1 , 2012, involved a lawsuit under the American with Disability Act. The Court recognized that the ministerial exception, grounded in the First Amendment, precluded application of employment discrimination legislation to claims concerning the employment relationship involving the ministerial exception. If the government were to interfere with the employment decision of the church, the First Amendment rights under the Establishment Clause could also be in violation. In the recently decided Supreme Court case, Hosanna Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Cheryl Perish, an employee and teacher, brought a claim against Hosanna Tabor. After being deign diagnosed with narcolepsy, Perish began the 2004 2005 school year on disability. When she tried to 2004-2005 return to work in January of 2005, the school reported that they had hired another teacher to fill her position. Refusing to resign from her position, Perish threatened legal action threatened insubordinate and disruptive behavior along with damage done to her working relationship. Perish, along with the EEOC, claimed that her termination was in violation of the Americans with Disabilities Act. Under the primary duties test, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Hosanna Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School stating that the court believes that the ministerial exception bars an employment discrimination suit brought discrimination on behalf of a minister, challenging her churchs decision to fire her. 4 While the ministerial exception relates to employment discrimination pertaining to religious institutions, the 1991 Amendment to the Civil Rights Act of 1964 provides a 1964 defense for employers working in foreign countries. The language of the 1991 Amendment may provide protection for an employer regarding sexually harassment allegations involving its employees. Under the 1991 Amendment: It shall not be unlawful under section 703 or 704 for an employer (or a corporation controlled by an employer), labor organization, employment agency, or Joint labor prearrangement committee controlling apprenticeship or other training or retraining (including on-the-Job training programs) to take any action otherwise prohibited by such inning section, with respect to an employee in a workplace in a foreign country if compliance with such section would cause such employer (or such corporation), such organization, such agency, or such committee to violate the law of the foreign country in which such workplace is located. The above section of the 1991 Amendment forces employers to comply with the laws of the country in which the workplace is located. When operating in progressive and satirized cultures, the clash between culture and legislation may be of little d concern. However, as our globalizes economy expands to include a multitude of nations and culture s, the statutory dynamic is changing. If a company operating in the United States begins a venture in Saudi Arabia, the United employer must abide by the laws of Saudi Arabia. If an American woman was to be assigned to a position at this workplace, she would be subject to Saudi law. While her male counterparts could obtain a license and drive, a female is unable to drive in Saudi license 24 see 17 Sex, harassment and the workplace, Page 6 Arabia. Under EEOC guidelines, this hypothetical company may have committed sexual discrimination under the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Since sexual harassment is based on sexual discrimination, there are all kinds of hypothetical in which a female employee might be sexually harassed because of the clothes she wears or doesnt The 1991 Amendment could provide a defense for t employer. The Continuing the hypothetical, Saudi Arabia adheres to a strict policy of sexual segregation. Under strict Islamic Shari law, women are not allowed to be in the dwelling or in a vehicle with an unrelated man. In one situation, a Saudi Arabian Oman who was raped 14 times consecutively by 7 men was sentenced to 200 lashes and 6 months in Jail, and the crime that the woman committed: entering the vehicle of an unrelated male. In a separate situation, a 75 year old woman was given 40 lashes and 4 months in prison for and 27 letting a young man deliver bread to her dwelling . Under the 1991 Amendment, the guidelines for sexual harassment must abide by the laws of the foreign nation. If a woman from employed by a United States global corporation were to be employed in Saudi Arabia, she would be forced to adhere to the confines of Saudi law. Although he law may constitute sexual harassment by our standards, no penalty may be levied against the employer under the Civil Rights Act. Aside from the international impact, the 1991 Amendment to the Civil Rights Act of 1964 provided codified clarification to the burden of proof required to prove an unlawful employment practice. Under 42 USC S IEEE 2000+2: (m) Impermissible consideration of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin in religion, employment practices. Except as otherwise provided in this title [42 USC IEEE et see. ], an unlawful employment practice is established when the complaining party monstrance that race, color, religion, sex, or national origin was a motivating factor for national any employment practice, even though other factors also motivated the practice. Prior to the 1991 Amendment, it was at the courts discretion to decide whether or not an employment practice was altered through unlawful consideration of race, color, unlawful religion, sex, or national origin. While case law supports the principle that an unlawful consideration need not be the sole factor in altering an employment pra ctice, the burden of proof was unclear. Under the 1991 Name Amendment, the so called mixed-motive dive standard emerged.

How Technology has advanced over the years Outline Essays

How Technology has advanced over the years Outline Essays How Technology has advanced over the years Outline Paper How Technology has advanced over the years Outline Paper Speech Outline Purpose: At the end of my speech, the audience will be able to see how far technology has come and be informed of how it has changed our lives. Intro: Imagine for a moment that youre In the 19005. You wake up and go to check your phone. What you pick up is not your phone, Samsung Galaxy, or even a smart phone. You stare at it puzzled, because it resembles a brick and looks like a dinosaur to you. Well what you just grasped was not the kind of cell phone youre used to, it is actually one of the first cell phones ever invented. Today Id like to answer these questions that can help you picture what life was like with such little technology: First, what was the first cell phone and who Invented It? Second, who could afford It and what could it do? And third, what are some other examples of advances In technology and how have they affected us. L. History of technology A. Cell phones 1 . Who Invented It? 2. What did It look like? 3. Who could afford It? B. Computer 1 . Who Invented it? 2. What did the first one look like? 3. Who could afford it? C. Cameras 4. Basic Functions/description about it. II. Cell phones A. Compare it to the 1st phone. 1 . Advancements/explain them. B. APS 1 . Social networking sites a. Backbone b. Twitter c. Instating a. Turning on TV b. Changing room temp c. Turning on lights C. Communication 1 . Text messaging a. More efficient 2. Calling a. Faster than telegraph b. Isnt as expensive 3. Video chatting a. Peacetime, vivo, Keep (1) Allows people to see family members over another person in a different country or far away. Ill. Other technology A. Cameras 1. Not film anymore 2. Digital 3. High mega pixels higher resolution B. Computers Laptops 1. Laptops are portable a. Really fast 2. Computers arent bulky a. Flat screen monitors b. Also a lot faster C. Tablets/pads 1. Made for reading a. Nook b. Pad c. Other tablets 2. More APS 3. Games a. Made for little kids 4. Children use them in school IV. Effects from technology A. Positive 1 . Tasks made easier 2. Easier communication worldwide B. Negative 1. Lazy people a. Teens play video games all day (1 . ) Causing health issues (a. ) Obesity, eye sight problems, hearing from head sets being too loud. 2. Poor social skills a. People are lacking social skills because they always talk to seas/ problems b. Phones at the dinner table are an everyday occurrence. Conclusion: After all the examples of technological advances Eve identified today, you should be able to realize how far technology has come. Cell phones, and other electronic devices, have made a huge impact on our lives and have changed the way we live. Specifically, within our lifetime alone technology has advanced drastically. We use it in everyday situations, and our generation is addicted to it as if our life depended on it.

Marketing Trends Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing Trends - Assignment Example Internet marketing is a broad field since it not only deals with marketing over the internet, but also incorporates marketing done through wireless media and e-mail. Electronic customer management and digital customer systems are also grouped together when it comes to internet marketing (Harris, 2011). Internet marketing also brings the technical along with creative aspects of the internet like design, development, sales and advertizing together. Consumer Movement Consumer movement refers to a marketing symptom, which indicates the changing relations between buyers or consumers and sellers (Dameron, 2012). The alerting and changing relationships in consumer attitudes are a long run and continuous character. A person needs to search beyond consumer attitudes in order to understand the consumer movement. Furthermore, it is only the current years that these consumer activities and interests have enhanced to such a point where it could be termed as a movement (Dameron, 2012). Consumer mo vement is known to affect marketing in various ways that will be discussed later in this article. Brand Identity A brand refers to the term, name, symbol, design or any other feature, which identifies one seller’s products from those of other sellers (Kinsley, 2009). Brand identity started as a way of telling one person’s goods from another. ... Unique items, which could only be formerly be located at flea markets, are now being auctioned over the internet with websites such as Amazon and eBay. The effects of putting a company ad over the internet are profound. Online marketing has a large impact on numerous industries including banking, music, flea markets, as well as advertising (McDaniel, 2009). As advertisers are increasing and putting more budget than before in the online world, online marketing is now overtaking other mediums such as radio advertizing in market share, in terms of market share. In the music industry, a lot of consumers have begun downloading music files with fee over the internet. The internet has provided a large platform for musicians to sell their music over the internet. Exceptional items, which were formerly located at flea markets, are now being sold over the internet on sites such as eBay and Amazon (Pearson, 2010). Consumers also tend to look at internet prices before they go to flea markets. It is, therefore, advisable for firms to consider internet marketing since it is proving to be beneficial. Consumer Movement The consumer movement is not a strenuous movement. It comprises of diverse elements with different interests and objective (Dameron, 2012). However, what unifies these groups is that they all advocate for consumer protection. Some fascinating developments that are assisting the consumer movement comprise of enhancements occurring in the field of consumer education and a number of noticeable changes, which have occurred among business organizations. Consumer protection is now being incorporated in educational courses at diverse levels